BACKGROUND Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects nearly six million people worldwide. Various serological tests have been developed for its diagnosis. OBJECTIVE Examine the performance of a set of commercial immunological assays in relation to the geographical origin of the patient sample comparing four states of Brazil: Amazonas (AM), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG) and Piauí (PI). METHODS Seven immunoassays were employed to detect anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies in 379 patient samples that had been previously diagnosed using the two-step protocol required by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. FINDINGS A significant variation in the percent reactive was calculated for the samples from AM and MS, while the PI and MG showed a significant variation in the percent non-reactive. The average reactivity index was significantly higher for samples from the states of PI and MG states than AM and MS. MAIN CONCLUSIONS All tests presented a satisfactory performance overall. Yet, variations were observed that were associated to the region of origin of the samples. Our analyses suggest that future evaluations of immunoassays should include a sampling of sera from regions where the test will be applied in addition to the available International Biological Reference Standards.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is indicator of high morbidity in Chagas’ disease. A cross-sectional study performed identified LVA in 18.8% of the chronic chagasic patients (CCP). OBJECTIVE Determine the risk of death of patients with chronic chagasic cardiopathy (CCC) and LVA in 24-year interval. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 1995 a cohort of 298 CCP was evaluated by anamnesis, physical examination, EKG and ECHO and classified in groups: G0 = 86 without cardiopathy; G1 = 156 with cardiopathy without LVA and G2 = 56 with cardiopathy and LVA. 38 patients of G0 and G1 used benznidazole. Information about the deaths was obtained in the notary, death certificates, hospital records and family members. FINDINGS Were registered 113 deaths (37.9%): 107 (35.9%) attributed to cardiopathy and 6 (2.0%) to other causes (p < 0.05). Amongst these 107 deaths, 10 (11.6%) occurred in G0; 49 (31.4%) occurred in G1 and 48 (85.7%) occurred in G2 (p < 0.05). The risk of death was 2.7 and 7.4 times significantly higher in G2, than in G1 and G0, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic chagasic patients with LVA and ejection fraction < 45% have a higher risk of death than those without.

Neste trabalho, fazemos uma ampla revisão sobre o que sabemos e o que deve ser melhorado no conhecimento da doença de Chagas, não somente através da análise dos principais trabalhos publicados sobre os tópicos discutidos, mas em grande parte com base na experiência sobre o assunto, que adquirimos nos últimos 50 anos (1961-2011). Entre os assuntos abordados, destacamos a patogenia e evolução da infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, drogas em uso e novas estratégias para o tratamento da doença de Chagas; os testes sorológicos para o diagnóstico e o controle de cura da infecção; as variações regionais da prevalência, morbidade e resposta ao tratamento da doença; a importância da metaciclogênese do T. cruzi em diferentes espécies de triatomíneos e sua capacidade de transmissão da infecção chagásica; os riscos de adaptação dos triatomíneos silvestres ao domicílio humano; a morbidade e a necessidade de um programa de vigilância e controle da doença de Chagas na região Amazônica e a necessidade de priorização das Iniciativas de controle da Doença de Chagas na América Latina e México e nos países não endêmicos, hoje um grande dilema internacional. Finalmente, levantamos a necessidade da criação de uma nova iniciativa de controle da doença de Chagas no Gran Chaco, que envolve parte da Argentina, Bolívia e Paraguai.

This study consists of a broad review on what is known and what should be improved regarding knowledge of Chagas disease, not only through analysis on the main studies published on the topics discussed, but to a large extent based on experience of this subject, acquired over the past 50 years (1961-2011). Among the subjects covered, we highlight the pathogenesis and evolution of infection by Trypanosoma cruzi, drugs in use and new strategies for treating Chagas disease; the serological tests for the diagnosis and the controls of cure the infection; the regional variations in prevalence, morbidity and response to treatment of the disease; the importance of metacyclogenesis of T. cruzi in different species of triatomines and its capacity to transmit Chagas infection; the risks of adaptation of wild triatomines to human dwellings; the morbidity and need for a surveillance and control program for Chagas disease in the Amazon region and the need to prioritize initiatives for controlling Chagas disease in Latin America and Mexico and in non-endemic countries, which is today a major international dilemma. Finally, we raise the need for to create a new initiative for controlling Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco, which involves parts of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay.

The pathogenesis and evolutive pattern of Chagas disease suggests that the chronic phase should be more widely treated in order to (i) eliminate Trypanosoma cruzi and prevent new inflammatory foci and the extension of tissue lesions, (ii) promote tissue regeneration to prevent fibrosis, (iii) reverse existing fibrosis, (iv) prevent cardiomyopathy, megaoesophagus and megacolon and (v) reduce or eliminate cardiac block and arrhythmia. All cases of the indeterminate chronic form of Chagas disease without contraindications due to other concomitant diseases or pregnancy should be treated and not only cases involving children or recently infected cases. Patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy grade II of the New York Heart Association classification should be treated with specific chemotherapy and grade III can be treated according to medical-patient decisions. We are proposing the following new strategies for chemotherapeutic treatment of the chronic phase of Chagas disease: (i) repeated short-term treatments for 30 consecutive days and interval of 30-60 days for six months to one year and (ii) combinations of drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as benznidazole + nifurtimox, benznidazole or nifurtimox + allopurinol or triazole antifungal agents, inhibition of sterol synthesis.

É relatado episódio de acidente vascular encefálico isquêmico em paciente chagásico crônico autóctone da Amazônia. Este é o primeiro caso documentado da forma predominantemente tromboembólica da cardiopatia chagásica crônica na região.

An episode of stroke in a chronic autochthonous chagasic patient from the Brazilian Amazon is reported. This is the first documented case of a predominantly thromboembolic form of chronic Chagasic cardiopathy in the region.

INTRODUÇÃO: Foi realizado um estudo soroepidemiológico e clínico em 152 indivíduos residentes no município de Barcelos, Estado do Amazonas. Avaliou-se a soroprevalência da infecção chagásica e a morbidade da doença de Chagas. MÉTODOS: Os testes sorológicos foram a imunofluorescência indireta, ELISA convencional e recombinante e o Tesa-blot. Foram considerados soropositivos 38 pacientes, duvidosos 31 e soronegativos negativos 83. Os 38 casos soropositivos foram pareados com 38 controles soronegativos da mesma idade, sexo e submetidos à avaliação epidemiológica, clínica, eletro e ecocardiográfica, sendo que, 29 pares fizeram exame radiológico do esôfago. RESULTADOS: A soropositividade foi 19,9 vezes mais frequente nos trabalhadores do extrativismo em geral e 10,4 vezes mais frequente no extrativismo da piaçaba. Aplicou-se o teste de reconhecimento com o vetor local do gênero Rhodnius e 86,7% dos pacientes soropositivos o reconheceram, enquanto somente 34,2% dos soronegativos o fizeram. O ECG mostrou-se alterado em 36,8% nos soropositivos e em 21,5% nos soronegativos, enquanto o ecocardiograma mostrou alterações em 31,6% nos soropositivos e 18,4% nos soronegativos. Precordialgia e palpitações foram mais frequentes nos soropositivos. O estudo clínico do aparelho digestivo e radiológico do esôfago não mostrou alterações significativas. CONCLUSÕES. A doença de Chagas na região estudada pode ser considerada uma doença ocupacional.

INTRODUCTION: A seroepidemiological and clinical study was conducted on 152 autochthonous individuals living in the district of Barcelos, State of Amazonas, to evaluate the seroprevalence of Chagas infection and morbidity of Chagas disease. METHODS: The serological tests used were indirect immunofluorescence, conventional and recombinant ELISA and immunoblot (Tesa-blot). Thirty-eight patients were considered seropositive; 31 were considered serodoubtful; and 83 were considered seronegative. The 38 seropositive cases were paired with 38 seronegative controls of the same age and sex, and underwent epidemiological and clinical evaluations, electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Twenty-nine pairs underwent radiological examinations of the esophagus. RESULTS: Seropositivity was 19.9 times more frequent among workers gathering plant materials from the forests and 10.4 times more frequent among piassaba gatherers. Eighty six point seven percent of the seropositive individuals recognized the genus Rhodnius as the local vector, while only 34.2% of the seronegative individuals recognized this. The EKG was abnormal in 36.8% of the seropositive individuals and in 21.5% of the seronegative individuals, while the echocardiogram showed abnormalities in 31.6% of the seropositive and 18.4% of the seronegative individuals. Precordialgia and palpitation were more frequent among the seropositive individuals. Clinical evaluation on the digestive system and X-ray on the esophagus did not show significant abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: Chagas disease in the study region can be considered to be an occupational disease.

Um estudo transversal sobre a doença de Chagas realizado com o exame da população de quatro localidades (nº= 541 habitantes) do município de Jaguaruana, estado do Ceará, mostrou: a soroprevalência da infecção chagásica em 3,1%, avaliada pelos testes de imunofluorescência indireta, hemaglutinação indireta e ELISA, maior entre as pessoas com mais de 50 anos e sem diferença em relação ao sexo; a parasitemia positiva em 11,8% (2/17) soropositivos, determinada pelo xenodiagnóstico indireto e em 75% (9/12) pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (p<0,05); a cardiopatia em 41% (7/17) dos soropositivos e em 11,8% (2/17) dos controles soronegativos (p< 0,05), avaliada por anamnese, exame físico e eletrocardiograma de repouso. A análise desses resultados mostrou que as prevalências da parasitemia positiva e da cardiopatia chagásica crônica são semelhantes às da Caatinga do Piauí e maiores do que no Sertão da Paraíba, apesar de historicamente, todas essas áreas apresentarem o Triatoma brasiliensis e o Triatoma pseudomaculata como principais responsáveis pela transmissão da infecção chagásica.

A cross-sectional study on Chagas disease that examined the populations of four localities (nº = 541 inhabitants) in the municipality of Jaguaruana, State of Ceará, showed seroprevalence of Chagas infection of 3.1%, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination and ELISA tests. The rate was higher among adults over 50 years old, without any difference in relation to sex. Positive parasitemia was found in 11.8% (2/17) of the seropositive individuals by means of indirect xenodiagnosis and in 75% (9/12) by means of the polymerase chain reaction (p < 0.05). Cardiopathy was found by means of anamnesis, physical examination and resting electrocardiogram in 41% (7/17) of the seropositive individuals and in 11.8% (2/17) of the seronegative controls (p < 0.05). Analysis of these results showed that the prevalences of positive parasitemia and chronic Chagas cardiopathy were similar to those in the Caatinga area of Piauí and greater than in the Sertão area of Paraíba, although all these areas historically presented Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata as the primary vectors responsible for Chagas infection transmission.

During thirty years - 1973-2003 - a group of individuals infected by Schistosoma mansoni in Capitão Andrade, Rio Doce Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil, was evaluated by the same authors, being one of the longest follow-up studies on schistosomiasisis mansoni in an endemic area. The diagnosis of S. mansoni was based on parasitological stool tests. In the clinical classification, three groups were considered: type I - schistosomiasis-infection, type II - hepatointestinal form, and type III- hepatosplenic form. The prevalence of infection were 60.8% in 1973, 36.2% in 1984, 27.3% in 1994, and 19.4% in 2003, while the index of hepatosplenomegaly were respectively 5.8%, 2.8%, 2.3% and 1.3%. The maintenance of high prevalence and severity of clinical forms are probably related to reinfection.

Para avaliar a prevalência de aneurismas do ventrículo esquerdo, realizou-se um estudo transversal envolvendo uma coorte de 261 pacientes chagásicos crônicos (156 do município de João Costa e 105 de São do João do Piauí; 146 mulheres e 115 homens com idade média de 57,9 ± 14,2 anos). A avaliação cardiológica foi realizada por exame clínico, eletrocardiograma de repouso e ecocardiograma uni e bidimensional. Foram diagnosticados 23 (8,8%) aneurismas do ventrículo esquerdo: 17 (6,5%) no ápice, quatro (1,5%) na parede posterior, um (0,4%) na parede inferior e um (0,4%) no septo interventricular. Cinco (1,9%) pacientes de São João do Piauí apresentaram trombos associados com aneurismas apicais. A prevalência de aneurismas do ventrículo esquerdo foi maior entre os pacientes de São João do Piauí (13,3%) e entre os homens (13,9%), com diferença não significativa em função da faixa etária. Esses resultados revelam baixa prevalência de aneurismas do ventrículo esquerdo entre os pacientes de João Costa e elevada concentração de trombos entre os pacientes de São João do Piauí.

A cross-sectional study involving a cohort of 261 chronic Chagas disease patients (156 from the municipality of João Costa and 105 from São João do Piauí; 146 women and 115 men with mean age of 57.9 ± 14.2 years) was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of left ventricle aneurysms. The cardiological evaluation was performed by means of clinical examination, resting electrocardiograms and one and two-dimensional echocardiograms. A total of 23 cases of left ventricle aneurysms (8.8%) were diagnosed: 17 (6.5%) in the apical segment, four (1.5%) in the posterior wall, one (0.4%) in the inferior wall and one (0.4%) in the interventricular septum. Five patients (1.9%) from São João do Piauí presented thrombi associated with apical aneurysms. The prevalence of left ventricle aneurysms was greater among the patients from São João do Piauí (13.3%) and among men (13.9%), with no significant difference in relation to age group. These results show that there was low prevalence of left ventricle aneurysms among patients from João Costa and high concentration of thrombi among patients from São João do Piauí.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a situação epidemiológica da infecção chagásica no Estado do Piauí e sua relação com idade, gênero, transfusão de sangue e aborto espontâneo, foi realizado, de agosto a dezembro de 2002, um inquérito sorológico com o exame de uma amostra aleatória simples de 36.399 moradores da área rural. A infecção chagásica foi definida pelo teste de imunofluorescência indireta para anticorpos antiTrypanosoma cruzi em amostra de sangue coletada em papel de filtro. A soroprevalência total foi de 1,9%, variando de 0,1% em menores de 5 anos a 6,6% em maiores de 79 anos; foi significativamente maior nas mulheres (2,1%), analfabetos (4,1%), receptores de sangue (3,3%) e nas mulheres com abortamento espontâneo (5,4%). Esses dados ao serem comparados com os obtidos durante o inquérito sorológico nacional (1975-1980) mostraram significativa queda da soroprevalência da infecção chagásica no Estado do Piauí (4% para 1,9%), indicando a eficácia das medidas de controle vetorial implementadas no período 1975-2002.

To evaluate the epidemiological situation of Chagas disease infection in the State of Piauí, Brazil, and its relationships with age, gender, blood transfusion and spontaneous abortion, a serological survey was performed. A random sample of 36,399 inhabitants of rural zones was examined between August and December 2002. Chagas disease infection was defined by the indirect immunofluorescence test, with identification of antiTrypanosoma cruzi antibodies in blood samples collected on filter paper. The total seroprevalence was 1.9%, ranging from 0.1% in children less than five years old to 6.6% in adults over 79 years old. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in women (2.1%), illiterates (4.1%), individuals receiving blood (3.3%) and women with a history of spontaneous abortion (5.4%). Comparison with the national serological survey (1975-1980) showed that there had been a significant reduction in the seroprevalence of Chagas disease infection in the State of Piauí (4.0% to 1.9%), which was indicative of the efficacy of the vector control measures implemented between 1975 and 2002.

Artificial ecotopes of 121 peridomiciliary environments in four rural localities in the state of Ceará, Brazil, were studied and the type of material of the ecotopes was identified as triatomine infestation. Two thousand two hundred and four Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 340 Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa and Espínola, 121 Rhodnius nasutus Stall, and 5 Panstrongylus lutzi (Neiva and Pinto) were captured. Out of the 323 ecotopes found (X =2.0 ± 1.8 per dwelling) such as pigpens, henhouses, corrals, perches, dovecotes, piles of roofing tiles, bricks, wood, and straw 30.3% were infested by triatomines in all different developmental stages, including eggs. A substantial number of triatomines were found in perches, however the largest infestation took place in roofing materials used in the construction of goat/sheep corrals, henhouses, and pigpens, where 98% of them were captured: 1372 triatomines were located in the roofing tile covers, 285 in the straw, 187 in the perches, 77 in the coverings of roofing tiles and straw, and 13 in the straw and wood. Among all the different pile of materials, roofing tiles were the most infested (50%) followed by bricks (38.9%) and woods (36.1%). T. brasiliensis colonized mainly brick piles (chi2=16.539; p < 0.05) and roofing tiles (chi2=5,090.58; p < 0.05); T. pseudomaculata preferred wood perches (chi2= 472.39; p < 0.05) and woodpiles (chi2=126.0 p < 0.05), and R. nasutus was principally found in roofing straw (chi2=384.43; p < 0.05). These findings suggest that triatomines tend to colonize peridomiciliary ecotopes similar to their original habitats.

Com o objetivo de avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e parasitológicos da doença de Chagas crônica, em pacientes do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, realizamos um estudo seccional envolvendo 120 chagásicos e 120 controles não-chagásicos, de ambos os sexos, com idades de 16 a 82 anos. Os aspectos epidemiológicos foram avaliados por questionário, a cardiopatia por exame clínico, eletrocardiograma convencional, radiologia e ecodopplercardiograma e a presença de Trypanosoma cruzi no sangue por xenodiagnóstico e teste da reação em cadeia da polimerase. Os resultados mostraram predominância de alóctones com baixa escolaridade e referência de contato prévio com triatomíneos entre os chagásicos. Abortamento espontâneo foi mais freqüente nas mulheres chagásicas. A cardiopatia devido ao componente chagásico foi estimada em 20,2%. Apresentou-se com 7,5% de cardiomegalia, 6,2% de aneurisma de ventrículo esquerdo e com predominância de dispnéia, palpitações e hipertensão arterial. O xenodiagnóstico foi positivo em 26,1% dos chagásicos enquanto a PCR foi positiva em 53,7%. A análise dos resultados indicou que a doença de Chagas no grupo estudado apresenta características clínicas e parasitológicas que revelam peculiaridades regionais.

With the objective of evaluating epidemiologic, clinical and parasitologic aspects of chronic Chagas' disease in patients from the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, a cross-sectional study was performed with groups of 120 chagasic and non-chagasic patients aged from 16 to 82 years. Epidemiologic aspects were evaluated by means of a questionnaire, cardiopathy by clinical examination, conventional electrocardiogram, radiology and Doppler echocardiograms (only in chagasic patients) and the presence of Trypanosoma cruzi in the blood stream by way of xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction test. The results obtained indicated that the chagasic patients are predominantly alloctones with low-grade schooling, and were exposed to triatomines. The frequency of spontaneous abortion was higher in chagasic women. Chronic chagasic cardiopathy, estimated to occur in 20.2% of the patients, showed 7.5% cardiomegaly, 6.2% aneurysm of the left ventricle, and with a predominance of dyspnea, palpitations and arterial hypertension. Xenodiagnosis was positive for 26.1% of the chagasics and the PCR was positive for 53.7%, and was significantly higher in males and alloctones. An analysis of the results shows that Chagas' disease, in the group studied, presented clinical and parasitologic characteristics demonstrating significant regional differences.

A doença de Chagas foi quase inteiramente erradicada das zonas áridas do Brasil Central e Nordeste, onde ciclos autóctones de transmissão praticamente inexistem. Contudo, na última década a doença vem sendo registrada na Região Amazônica. Objetivando investigar a possibilidade da ocorrência de ciclos autóctones de transmissão em áreas de colonização agrícola no Estado de Roraima, foram realizadas coletas de triatomíneos e estudos de sua biologia (a ser mostrado em outro artigo), sorologia (imunofluorescência, hemaglutinação, ELISA) e pesquisa parasitológica (xenodiagnóstico, PCR) entre moradores de Rorainópolis, do Projeto Passarão e da Comunidade da Ilha. Candidatos a doação sanguínea do Hemocentro de Boa Vista também foram avaliados. Foram coletados Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius robustus e Panstrongylus geniculatus em palmeiras-buriti Mauritia flexuosa, em anexos peridomiciliares e em domicílios. Nenhum triatomíneo foi encontrado naturalmente infectado. A presença de anticorpos anti-Trypanosoma cruzi foi verificada em 25 indivíduos (1,4% de um total de 1821), 20 dos quais migrantes, todos adultos >15 anos. Apenas dois indivíduos migrantes tiveram mais de dois exames sorológicos positivos (um ainda com xenodiagnóstico positivo e o outro com PCR positivo), estando seguramente infectados. Os resultados mostram que apesar de não ser endêmica, há a presença de todos os elos da cadeia de transmissão da doença de Chagas em Roraima que permitem a sua instalação na ausência de vigilância.

Chagas disease has been almost entirely eradicated from the arid zones in Central and Northeastern Brazil where rare or no autochthonous cases have been reported. However, in the last 10 years the disease has increasingly been registered in the Amazon Region. Aiming to investigate the possibility of the occurrence of autochthonous cycle of Chagas disease in Roraima, triatomine collections, vectorial susceptibility studies (this one to be shown elsewhere), parasitological and serological analyses were conducted in three agricultural settlement areas (Rorainópolis, Passarão Project and Ilha Community). Blood-donor candidates were also investigated. This is the first epidemiological survey on Chagas disease conducted in agricultural settlements in Roraima. Triatomine species found were Triatoma maculata, Rhodnius pictipes, Rhodnius robustus and Panstrongylus geniculatus. Trypanosoma cruzi detection analyses included xenodiagnosis, indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemaglutination, ELISA and kinetoplast PCR amplification. Natural triatomine infection was not found in intestinal contents. Twenty-five adult settlers (1.4% out of 1821, all > 15 year-old, 20 migrants) presented anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Two migrant settlers (from Minas Gerais and Maranhão) tested positive for more than two serological tests, besides either being positive for xenodiagnosis or PCR. Results show that Chagas disease is not endemic in the areas studied. However, all elements of the transmission cycle are present, demanding for an adequate and continuous vigilance.

In order to assay the triatomine infestation and domiciliation in the rural area of Jaguaruana district, state of Ceará, Brazil, we studied, from November 2000 to April 2002, 4 localities comprising 158 domiciles as a whole, with an average of 4 inhabitants/house, who are dwelling in there for more than 7 years. Most houses have tile-covered roofs and the walls built with plaster-covered bricks (57%), followed by bricks without plaster (33%), and mud walls (7.5%). A total of 3082 triatomines were captured from different locations, according to the following capture plan: (a) intradomiciles: 238 Triatoma brasiliensis, 6 T. pseudomaculata, 9 Rhodnius nasutus, and 2 Panstrongylus lutzi; (b) peridomiciles (annexes): 2069 T. brasiliensis, 223 T. pseudomaculata, 121 R. nasutus, and 1 P. lutzi; (c) wild, in carnauba palms (Copernicia prunifera): 413 R. nasutus. From the captured triatomines, 1773 (57.5%) were examined. The natural index of Trypanosoma cruzi infection ranged from 10.8% to 30.2% (average of 17%), depending on the species and the location from where the triatomines were captured.

Com o objetivo de investigar aspectos da infecção e morbidade da doença de Chagas no município de João Costa, Piauí, Brasil, realizamos pesquisa sorológica para detectar Ig G anti-T. cruzi em 2.080 moradores através dos testes de imunofluorescência indireta, hemaglutinação indireta e ELISA. Em seguida, 189 pacientes soropositivos e 141 soronegativos foram avaliados pelo exame clínico e eletrocardiograma (ECG), enquanto a parasitemia foi pesquisada em 106 chagásicos pelo xenodiagnóstico indireto e teste da reação polimerásica em cadeia (PCR). A soropositividade total para Ig G anti-T.cruzi foi de 9,8%, com variação de 0,5% em menores de 10 anos a 39,4% em maiores de 59 anos, independentemente do sexo. O percentual de ECG alterados foi de 41,3% entre os chagásicos e de 15,6% entre os não-chagásicos (p < 0,05). A positividade do teste da PCR foi de 74,5% e a do xenodiagnóstico de 15,1% (p < 0,05). Apesar da elevada prevalência da infecção na população investigada, o baixo valor nos menores de 10 anos pode ser indicador de redução da transmissão por triatomíneos. A alta proporção de participação do componente etiológico exclusivamente chagásico na prevalência da cardiopatia indica a gravidade da doença de Chagas na região estudada.

In order to investigate aspects of the infection and morbidity of Chagas' disease in the municipality of João Costa, Piauí State, Brazil, we carried out a serological survey to detect anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in 2,080 individuals, by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination and ELISA. A total of 189 seropositive and 141 seronegative patients were evaluated by anamnesis, physical exam and electrocardiogram (EKG). The parasitaemia of 106 chagasic patients was evaluated by indirect xenodiagnosis and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The total seropositivity was 9.8%, with intervals of 0.5% in patients younger than 10 years old, and 39.4% among patients older than 59 years old, independently of the sex. The PCR and xenodiagnosis were positive, respectively in 74.5% and 15.1% of the seropositive patients (p < 0.05). The rate of abnormal EKG was 41.3% in chagasic and 15.6% in non-chagasic patients (p < 0.05). In spite of the high prevalence of infection in the investigated population, the low rate of seropositivity among children is indicative of a possible decrease of the active transmission mediated by triatomines. The high proportion of the chagasic component on the cardiopathy prevalence is indicative of the high morbidity of Chagas' disease in the studied region.